Ensemble: UNIVERSALISM
Universalism
In philosophy, universality is the idea that universal facts exist and can be discovered, as opposed to relativism, which asserts that all facts are merely relative to one’s perspective. It posits that it is possible to apply generalised norms, values and ethics to all people and cultures, regardless of the contexts in which they are located. These norms may include a focus on human needs, rights, or biological and psychological processes, and are based on the perspective that all people are essentially equivalent. Universalism has been critiqued by post-modern and post-colonial thinkers, who find lack of evidence for any ideas or values that can be applied truly universally. In his book European Universalism: The Rhetoric of Power (2006), sociologist and economic historian Immanuel Wallerstein considers universalism as a successor to colonialism as a means of speaking on behalf of the developing world and interfering in the business of other countries. He charts how the Western world has attempted repeatedly to create universals since the Enlightenment, from such things as modernism as an attempted universal language or condition, though to such things as human rights. In his understanding, universalism can be seen as the shift from the Western stereotypical perspective of the East (historically described as ‘orientalism’ by Edward Said), to a Western sense of something shared, to which the Non-Western might not always conform. As universalism is ascribed the status of being natural law by the West, non-conformity permits the right to intervention, whether through aid, cultural intervention or even warfare.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Universalist Exhibitions
Universal Languages
Modernism
Modernist architecture
Themes & Categories
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>MONOCULTURE - Modernism .
>MONOCULTURE – Modernist architecture.
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>MONOCULTURE - The UHDR.
>MONOCULTURE – Universal Languages.
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>MONOCULTURE – Universalist Exhibitions.
Works
>L. Zamenhof, "Ekzercaro de la lingvo internacia 'Esperanto", 1898.Book, book.
>L. Zamenhof, "Unua Libro", 1904.Book.
>Kongresa Parolado ce la malfermo de la Sesa Universala Kongreso de Esperanto en Washington la 15 - an de augusto en 1910-a, 1910.Leaflet, paper, 15.5 x 11.8 cm.
>La Nova Epoko, 1929-1930.Periodical, book, 22.5 x 15 cm.
>La Sankta Biblio (The Holy Bible), 1931.Book, book, 19 x 13.5 x 3 cm.
>Jarlibro de Internacia Esperanto-Ligo 6 editions, 1940.Book, book, 15.3 x 11.3 cm.
>The Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations in Paris on 10 December, 1948, 1948.Other, paper, 24 x 15 cm.
>The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its Predecessors (1679 - 1948), 1949.Book, book, 19,8 x 14 x 1 cm.
>E. Maxwell Fry, "African Experiment - Building for an Educational Programme in the Gold Coast", 1953.Book, paper, ink, 24.8 x 30.5 cm.
>The Family of Man exhibition poster, 1955.Poster, the family of man exhibition poster, 1955. designed by müller-blase, 84 x 59,5 cm.
>The Family of Man, 1955.Book.
>documenta. Kunst des XX. Jarhunderts. Internationale Ausstellung, 1955.Book, ink, paper, 18.3 x 21.6 x 1.7 cm.
>Rasheed Araeen, Nine, 1968.Sculpture.
>La Fabli dil Olda Korvo, 1973.Book, book, 21 x 15 cm.
>Carl Sagan, "Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record", 1978.Book, paper, ink.
>Luc Deleu, Schaal en Perspektief [Scale and Perspective], 1980.Drawing, ink, paper, 880 x 760 mm.
>Laszlo Glozer, Westkunst - Zeitgenössische Kunst seit 1939, 1981.Book, ink, paper, 24.4 x 20 cm, 524 p, language : German, publisher : Museen der Stadt Köln/DuMont Buchverlag, Köln, ISBN : 3-7701-1292X.
>"Primitivism" in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern, 1985.Book, ink, paper, 23.5 x 31.5 x 3 cm.
>Rasheed Araeen, The Other Story: Afro-Asian artists in Post-War Britain, 1989.Book.
>Matti Braun, La Pekuniala Teorio di Silvio Gesell, 2002.Video.
>Matti Braun, Bunta Garbo, 2002.Installation.
>Jos De Gruyter & Harald Thys, White Suprematism, 2016.Drawing, ink, wood, cardboard, plexi, 147 x 147 cm.
>Nicoline van Harskamp, PDGN, 2016.Other.
>Nicoline van Harskamp, My Name is Language, 2018.Performance.
>Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations, Paris, 10 December, 1948 .Other, paper, 16,5 x 23 cm.
>Magiciens de la Terre.Book, paper, ink.
>Set of 6 Esperanto "L Espero de L. L. Zamenhof" Postcards.Other, postcard, 9 x 14 cm.